St. Josaphat, Bishop and Martyr

St. Josaphat was born about the year 1580 in what was the Polish province of Lithuania and was raised as an Eastern Rite Catholic. He had a deep devotion to the suffering of Christ, and looked at the schism between East and West as a wound in the Church as the Sacred Body of our Lord. As a young man in his mid-twenties he entered religious life, joining the Ukrainian Order of Saint Basil (known as the Basilians), and as a monk he gave himself over to penance and mortification, going barefoot even in winter, and eating only the poorest food.

In 1618, after living as a monk for nearly fifteen years, he was appointed to be archbishop of the Eastern Rite Diocese of Polotzk, and he devoted his energies to work for the reunion of the Church, all the while deepening the faith of his people through his preaching and his example. There were those in the Orthodox Church, not in union with Rome, who were very much against his work towards unity, and a group of them decided he must be stopped, making plans to assassinate him. In fact, St. Josaphat knew there were many who did not want unity, and he knew his life was in danger; however, he pressed forward in his work to heal the rift between East and West.

One day when he was visiting part of his diocese in territory which is now in Russia, his enemies made an attack on the place where he was staying, and many of those who were traveling with St. Josaphat were killed. Quietly and with humility, St. Josaphat went toward the attackers and asked them why they had done such a thing, saying to them, “If you have something against me, see, here I am.” The crowd screamed at him saying, “Kill the papist!” They ran towards him with their weapons, killing him with an axe-blow to his head.

St. Josaphat's body was thrown into the river, but it remained on the surface of the water, surrounded by rays of light, and was recovered. Those who had murdered him, when they were sentenced to death, repented of what they had done. Through the gentle example of St. Josaphat and helped by his heavenly intercession, through the grace of God they became Catholics.

Stir up in thy Church, we pray, O Lord, the Spirit that filled Saint Josaphat: that, as he laid down his life for the sheep; so through his intercession we, too, may be strengthened by the same Spirit and not fear to lay down our life for our brethren; through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

St. Martin of Tours

When he was merely a boy, Martin became a Christian catechumen against his parents' wishes, and at the age of fifteen he was forced by his father, a pagan soldier, to be enrolled in the army.

It was on a winter's day, while stationed at Amiens, that Martin met a beggar almost naked and frozen with cold. Having nothing to give him, Martin cut his cloak in two and gave poor man half.

That night in a dream Martin saw Our Lord clothed in the half cloak, and heard Him say to surrounding angels: "Martin, yet only a catechumen, has wrapped Me in this garment." He decided to be baptized, and shortly after this he left the army.

Martin succeeded in converting his mother, but he was driven from his home by the Arian heretics who were powerful in that place, and he took shelter with the bishop, St. Hilary. Near Poitiers they founded first monastery in France, and in the year 372 St. Martin was made Bishop of Tours. The people of that area, though Christian in name, were mostly still pagan in their hearts and in their daily practice. Unarmed and attended only by his monks, St. Martin destroyed the heathen temples and groves, and then completed this courageous act by preaching the Gospel.

After witnessing many miracles at the hand of their bishop St. Martin, there was a complete conversion of the people. St. Martin’s last eleven years were spent in the humble work of travelling throughout Gaul, preaching and manifesting the power of God through his works and by the purity of his life.

O God, who seest that we are not able to stand in our own strength: mercifully grant that, through the prayers of blessed Martin thy Confessor and Bishop, we may be defended from all adversities; through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

Pope St. Leo and Attila the Hun

Pope St. Leo reigned twenty-one years as pope in the 5th century, and is the first pope to be titled "the Great." He truly was a great Pope, defending the Faith, and confirming the primacy of the Successors of St. Peter. But perhaps the most exciting thing Pope Leo did was when he had a confrontation with the infamous and cruel military leader, Attila the Hun. This is the story.

The Huns were a nomadic people, originating probably in Mongolia, but they migrated westward, sacking and pillaging whatever cities or towns that were in their way. Until the time of Attila in the 5th century, the Huns were comprised of a loose confederation of tribes, not really a unified people at all – that is, until Attila came on the scene. He unified them, and they were making their sweep across Europe. By the time of Pope Leo, Attila the Hun was busy ransacking most of Italy, and his plan included the sack of Rome. Attila hoped to add it to his possessions, not only for the riches it would give him, but he was also trying add to his number of wives, and the young woman he had his eye on would be impressed with his taking Rome, or so he thought.

Pope Leo, of course, wanted to protect Rome and keep its citizens alive, but here was Attila, looking to attack and plunder the city, and destroy the Church. With the approach of Attila and his mob of soldiers, Pope Leo went into prayer, committing his papacy to the patronage and protection of St. Peter, the apostle and first pope, and then Leo did a very brave thing – he arranged a meeting with Attila just outside the city of Rome. No one thought this was a very good idea – in fact, everyone in Rome was sure that Pope Leo would be immediately martyred by this conqueror who never hesitated to murder and destroy anything or anyone who got in his way.

Nonetheless, Pope Leo went to meet Attila. And then, one of the most dramatic moments in Christian history takes place: Attila calls off the sack of Rome. And Leo goes safely back to Rome. What happened? What made Attila retreat?

This is the account of that meeting: while Attila and Leo were conversing, Attila was shaking in his boots, because that during that conversation, Attila saw a vision like he had never seen before! Attila saw St. Peter himself hovering over Leo's head . . . with a huge sword drawn and pointed directly at him! Attila was certain he would be immediately killed if he didn’t withdraw and leave the area, so to save his own skin, Attila ran away from the Pope, who was armed only with the Truth.

And that's the story of how Pope Leo the Great saved Rome from being destroyed.

O Lord Jesu Christ, who didst strengthen thy holy Bishop and Doctor, Pope Leo, to maintain both by word and deed the verity of thy sacred Humanity: grant, we beseech thee; that guided by the light of his doctrine, we may earnestly defend the faith of thy holy Incarnation; who livest and reignest with the Father, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

Dedication of St. John Lateran: Cleansing the Temple

The Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. In the temple he found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons, and the money-changers at their business. And making a whip of cords, he drove them all, with the sheep and oxen, out of the temple; and he poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. And he told those who sold the pigeons, “Take these things away; you shall not make my Father’s house a house of trade.” His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for thy house will consume me.” The Jews then said to him, “What sign have you to show us for doing this?” Jesus answered them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” The Jews then said, “It has taken forty-six years to build this temple, and will you raise it up in three days?” But he spoke of the temple of his body. When therefore he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this; and they believed the scripture and the word which Jesus had spoken.

- St. John 2:13-22

One of the suggested Gospel readings for the Feast of the Dedication of St. John Lateran is St. John 2:13-22, which puts before us the commanding figure of Jesus Christ striding into the great Temple in Jerusalem. He cleanses it, making a whip of cords and driving out the sellers of animals and the money-changers, overturning their tables and telling them, “Take these things away; you shall not make my Father’s house a house of trade.”

Christ did this because those who were buying and selling within the temple of God were not doing it for the glory of God; they were not doing it for the worship of God or for the good of man; rather, it was for personal gain and for selfish reasons.

The Church teaches us that religion is more than just the vertical dimension of the spiritual life – it’s more that simply “God and me.” Ethics and morality must be the practical expression of a true and living faith. How we conduct ourselves in the marketplace reflects our relationship with God. Certain business practices may be legal but that doesn’t insure they are ethical. Certainly, making a profit isn’t condemned in Scripture, but accumulating great wealth by unjustly taking advantage of someone else is.

So, with the crack of a whip, Christ drove the money changers from the temple. And He did it not only because of the contempt that was being shown to the Temple – a place consecrated to God – but also because of the injustice being shown to the people who were there to worship the God in whose honour the Temple had been built. Christ was not kind and gentle that day.

When good people are faced with evil, it would seem that our Lord has given something of an example to follow. He did not limit himself to prayer or to talk; He also did something about it. “To everything there is a season,” the Scripture tells us, and we can see that even in the life of Christ that there was a season to make a stand against evil by taking specific action.

It was necessary for Christ to drive the money-changers out of the temple because of the evil they had brought into the lives of honest people, and because of the dishonour those actions brought to the House of God. It is necessary at times that evil must be faced squarely by taking positive action, so that the common good might be preserved. Sometimes, for the triumph of good, the whip must be cracked, and evil must be beaten back.

Whether it be civil leaders inflicting injustice on people; or those who steal the right to life from the unborn; or the unfaithful cleric who cheats people from knowing the fullness of the Gospel and from worshipping according to the mind of the Church; or the gossip who destroys the reputation of another – we are called to stand up for the good, and against the evil.

The Gospel tells us that after Christ had cleansed the Temple, “his disciples remembered that it was written, ‘Zeal for thy house will consume me...’” And so should zeal for the things of God consume us.

Zeal is the business side of love, whether it be love of God or love of man. “Zeal,” says St. Thomas Aquinas, “is the energy of love.” Zeal, as an ardent love of God, is to be shown in our lives as a desire to promote the love of God, to promote the worship of God, to promote the praise of God, to promote the glory of God. It is to be shown in our spiritual lives as we perform those Christian works of mercy and love that we have been taught by our Lord. And zeal, also, is to be shown in practical ways, as we accept our responsibility for the support and work of Christ’s Body the Church.

This is one of the reasons we have places of beauty, consecrated first and foremost to the glory of God – but also that you and I can be inspired to be zealous for God and for the things of God; so that we can work for justice in this world; so that we can spread the truth of the Gospel by our words and our actions – and also, to give us a glimpse of the eternity of heaven.

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Painting: "Jesus Cleansing the Temple"

by Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834-1890)

Dedication of St. John Lateran Basilica

On November 9th the Catholic Church throughout the world celebrates the anniversary of the consecration of the Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour in the city of Rome, known also as St. John Lateran. On the façade is carved the proud title “Omnium Urbis et Orbis Ecclesiarum Mater et Caput” – “The Mother and Head of all Churches of the City and of the World.” It is the cathedral of Rome – it is the Pope’s Cathedral, and so is, in a sense, the Cathedral of the world – senior in dignity even to St. Peter’s Basilica.

One of the reasons we celebrate this Feast is because the Church wants us to remember the importance of consecrated places in which the worship of God takes place. It reminds us of the importance of the consecration of every Catholic Church throughout the world. It is a reminder to us of the Incarnational principle on which our faith is based – that God extends His spiritual blessings to us through the use of physical things. He took human flesh upon Himself. He has instituted seven sacraments which use outward forms to communicate inward grace. He has established a hierarchical Church, with a physical presence in the world, to be a sign of His own presence with us.

O Most blessed Saviour, who didst vouchsafe thy gracious presence at the Feast of Dedication: be present with us at this time by thy Holy Spirit, and so possess our souls by thy grace; that we may be living temples, holy and acceptable unto thee; who livest and reignest with the Father, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

Trinity XXI: Jesus and the Sophisticated Elites

It happened that seven brothers and their mother were arrested and were being compelled by the king, under torture with whips and cords, to partake of unlawful swine's flesh. One of them, acting as their spokesman, said, "What do you intend to ask and learn from us? For we are ready to die rather than transgress the laws of our fathers."

- II Maccabees 7:1,2

Jesus said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage; but those who are accounted worthy to attain to that age and to the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage, for they cannot die any more, because they are equal to angels and are sons of God, being sons of the resurrection.”

- St. Luke 20:34-36

There’s something in us – no doubt, it’s a result of the fall of our first parents Adam and Eve – that makes us try to conform things to our own expectations. As a result of the disobedience of our first parents we seem to spend great amounts of time trying to dignify things which are unworthy, and bring down to a low level those things and ideas which are lofty, until we have everything right where we want it, on our own terms. It’s like an infection which has poisoned our society, so that things like easy divorce and remarriage become a “quest for personal happiness,” artificial contraception is transformed into “the responsible thing to do,” and the killing of unborn children is seen as “an issue of women’s health.” Such things as that make it more and more of a challenge to proclaim what we know to be objectively true. Of course, this disintegration of values and moral truths isn’t surprising. As St. Paul wrote to the Thessalonians, there are “wicked and evil men, for not all have faith.”

What we experience in the world today isn’t new. We see an ancient example of this in the Second book of Maccabees. King Antiochus wanted there to be only one religion in his kingdom – one religion which would be established on his own terms. And as he began to implement his own self-defined religion, the Jews wouldn’t submit to it. There was no place in the kingdom of Antiochus for the revealed law of the God of Israel, and so the king spent an enormous amount of energy trying to destroy the faith of the Jews, attempting to drag their understanding of truth down his own definition, so that their modified and emasculated faith would fit into his own plan for his kingdom. This has an uncomfortably familiar sound to it, when we consider the development of some of our own society’s laws and the prevailing attitudes today, even coming out of the mouths of many of the politicians who want to lead us.

St. Luke records an occasion when some Sadducees came to Jesus, pretending they had a serious question. The Sadducees were the Jewish aristocrats of their day. They were refined. They were sophisticated. They were knowledgeable about the law. And their faith consisted of simply obeying whatever their personal understanding of the law was. Their religion was for the “here and now,” and certainly there was no room in their understanding for things they considered to be ridiculous, such as the resurrection of the body, which was being preached by Jesus.

So the Sadducees came to our Lord – not with instruments of torture like those used by King Antiochus against the Jews – but with an instrument which was sharp and destructive in other ways. They came with their biting sarcasm, using it to ridicule the teaching of Christ.

We can picture them. In their sophistication and sarcasm, they pretended to have an interest in the resurrection. We can only imagine what Jesus was thinking as they were speaking. Here were individuals about whom it was well-known that they completely disbelieved the reality of the resurrection of the dead, and yet they composed this elaborate story about a woman who successively married seven brothers. And after constructing this involved story, they ask, with a feigned innocence and interest, “Whose wife will she be after the resurrection?”

Jesus could have turned on them, calling them the hypocrites that they were, asking them why they were bothering Him with questions about something in which they didn’t even believe. But Christ didn’t do that. Instead, He used the opportunity to teach the truth. Even if the Sadducees themselves didn’t have the ears to hear what He was saying, nonetheless He stated the truth. Patiently, He explains things to them. He acts as though they truly are interested in the answer. “She’ll be no one’s wife,” He says, “because there is no need of marriage in heaven; they have become equal to the angels, as children of the resurrection.”

And then Jesus goes on to beat the Sadducees at their own game. These individuals who prided themselves on their knowledge of Scripture and the prophets were led into a trap which they didn’t see coming. Christ tells them, “Surely you remember that Moses referred to the Lord as the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob – and you revere the words of Moses – surely Abraham, Isaac and Jacob must be children of the resurrection, or else how could the Lord be called their God, if they’ve ceased to exist?” The trap which the Sadducees had laid for Jesus backfired on them, because as Christ pointed out to them, God is not the “God of the dead, but of the living, for all live to him.”

To this very day, we’re confronted by Sadducees under various guises and titles. There have always been, and there will probably always be, those who disbelieve important teachings of the faith, and who attempt to attack various revealed doctrines by trying to point out how ridiculous they are, or how meaningless they are, or how irrelevant they are. The Sadducees of Christ’s day are nothing more than the ancestors of those in our own day who try to modify the teaching of the Church in a misguided effort to bring the revealed faith down to a purely human level. They attack the basic tenets of the Church; they ridicule the Real Presence of Jesus in the Blessed Sacrament; they scoff at the reality of heaven and hell; they deny the existence of sin; they ignore the need for repentance; they manufacture the myth that what once was considered to be true no longer is, because “times have changed.”

What a lesson we can learn from Christ when He was dealing with the Sadducees. He didn’t wring His hands; He didn’t get upset at their disbelief; He didn’t raise His voice. All He did was counter their heresy with the truth. When we’re faced with those who try to drag the faith down to the level of the world, we must do what Jesus did: proclaim the truth, plant the seed, and let God give the increase.

Of course, this means that we must know our faith. We must be people who know the scriptures. We must be people who know how the Church interprets those Scriptures. We must be people who know what the Church’s moral teaching is. We must be people who make God and His Church central in their lives. It’s easy to fall into the trap which gets laid in our path: that of reducing God’s truth to personal opinion. But we have been called to something greater. We’ve been called to the high purpose of raising the world and ourselves up to the level of God’s revealed truth, as it is revealed through His Holy Catholic Church. And we can do this, because we are children of the living God – the God who has planted His truth in our lives, as living witnesses to Him in the midst of an unbelieving world.

And how can we best accomplish this? By binding ourselves irrevocably to the Church; by remaining close to God through the sacraments; by supporting those voices which speak the truth; by giving our support to those parishes where God is worshipped in spirit and in truth; by standing in support of those bishops, priests, deacons and religious who teach God’s truth, and not some hybrid version of their own. You and I must be vigilant and courageous in remaining faithful, because as we are faithful to God, so He will always be faithful to us.

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Image: "The Question of the Sadducees"

by Harold Copping (1863-1932)

St. Charles Borromeo, Bishop and Confessor

Charles Borromeo was born into an aristocratic, very wealthy Italian family. The family lived in a beautiful castle and lived lavishly, with an extravagant life of entertaining a court of noblemen. Charles was very good at athletics, music, art, and he enjoyed all the fine things that went along with the life of a rich and famous family. His mother was one of the Medici family, and one of his uncles was the pope. As was usual in those days, his uncle the pope made Charles a cardinal when he was only twenty-three and gave him many honours and titles. He was appointed papal legate to Bologna, the Low Countries, the cantons of Switzerland, and to the religious orders of St. Francis, the Carmelites, the Knights of Malta, and others.

When Charles’ father died, everyone thought that Charles would give up his ecclesiastical positions, and that he would marry some young noblewoman, and become the head of the Borromeo family. But Charles didn’t do that. Instead, he discerned a vocation to ordination, and he became a priest. Not long after, he was appointed bishop of Milan, a city that had not had a resident bishop for over eighty years.

Although he had been accustomed to a rich and extravagant life, when Charles was ordained and then became the Bishop of Milan, he spent much of his time dealing with hardship and suffering. There was a terrible famine in the year 1570 and he took on the responsibility of providing food to feed 3,000 people a day for three months. Six years later, another plague swept through the region. Bishop Borromeo organized his priests, religious, and lay volunteers to feed and care for the almost 70,000 people living in part of his diocese. He personally cared for many who were sick and dying, and he spent all his money doing it. In fact, he even ran up huge debts so that he could feed, clothe, and provide medical care, as well as build shelters for thousands of plague-stricken people.

He once ordered an atonement procession and led it with a rope about his neck, with bare and bloody feet, a cross upon his shoulder, thus presenting himself as an expiatory sacrifice for his people to ward off divine punishment. He died in 1584 at the age of forty-six, dressed in sackcloth and ashes, holding a picture of Jesus Crucified in his hands. His last words were, "See, Lord, I am coming, I am coming soon."

Keep, O Lord, thy Church by the continual protection of Saint Charles Borromeo: that as his zeal for thy flock did render him glorious; so his intercession may ever make us fervent in thy love; through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

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Painting: "St. Charles Borromeo Ministering to the Plague-Infected"

by Caspar Franz Sambach (1715-1795)

St. Martin de Porres

St. Martin de Porres was born in very difficult circumstances. His mother was a woman who had been a slave, but later freed, and was of African background. His father was of Spanish nobility who was living in Peru. St. Martin’s parents were not married, but lived as common-law man and wife, and they had two children, Martin and his sister. The children inherited the dark complexion and African features of their mother.  The father, who was cruel and shallow in his attitude towards race, left the family, and they were reduced to poverty. Because they were of mixed race, this meant that Martin and his sister were considered to be on the lowest level of Lima’s society.

When Martin was 12, his mother apprenticed him to a barber-surgeon. He learned how to cut hair and also how to give basic medical care, which was usual for barbers at that time. After a few years in this medical apostolate, St. Martin applied to the Dominicans to be a "lay helper," not feeling himself worthy to be a religious brother. After nine years, the example of his prayer and penance, charity and humility led the community to request him to make full religious profession. Many of his nights were spent in prayer and penitential practices; his days were filled with nursing the sick and caring for the poor. He treated all people regardless of their color, race or status. He was instrumental in founding an orphanage, took care of slaves brought from Africa and managed the daily alms of the priory with practicality as well as generosity. He became the procurator for both priory and city, whether it was a matter of "blankets, shirts, candles, candy, miracles or prayers!" When his priory was in debt, he said, "I am only a poor mulatto. Sell me. I am the property of the order. Sell me."

Side by side with his daily work in the kitchen, laundry and infirmary, Martin's life reflected God's extraordinary gifts: ecstasies that lifted him into the air, light filling the room where he prayed, bilocation, miraculous knowledge, instantaneous cures and a remarkable rapport with animals. His charity extended to beasts of the field and even to the vermin of the kitchen. He would excuse the raids of mice and rats on the grounds that they were underfed; he kept stray cats and dogs at his sister's house.

Many of his fellow religious took him as their spiritual director, but he continued to call himself a "poor slave." He was a good friend of another Dominican saint of Peru, Rose of Lima.

O God, who didst lead Saint Martin de Porres by the way of humility to heavenly glory: grant that we may so follow the example of his holiness; that we may be worthy to be exalted with him to heaven; through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

All Souls Day

Christ’s Holy Catholic Church is comprised of three parts: the Church Militant, the Church Expectant, and the Church Triumphant. Together, this is the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church.

The Faithful here on earth make up the Church Militant; “militant” because we are engaged in a constant battle with evil; “militant” because at our baptism, we became “soldiers of Christ” and at our confirmation we were fitted out with the armour of God — the helmet of salvation, the breastplate of righteousness, the sword of truth. We are the Church Militant because we are called to be brave in fighting evil, and in proclaiming and living Christ’s truth — that truth which is revealed to us by God through his Holy Catholic Church.

On All Saints Day we celebrate the Church Triumphant - those known to us and unknown, who are holy and pleasing and are with God - the ones who are filled with God’s sanctifying grace. When we think of saints, we might think of people very different from ourselves, but being part of the Church Triumphant is the goal and destination of everyone who has been marked with Christ’s cross in baptism. It’s not just for the few. There is a place reserved for each one of us, if we will but take the place. It is the vocation of each of us to be saints. It is our hope in Christ Jesus that at some point in the future the celebration of All Saints will include each one of us.

But on All Souls Day we commemorate the second part of the Church - the Church Expectant - those faithful Christians who have died, but who still need cleansing or purgation. We are bidden by Scripture and the Church to pray for them, as they are cleansed and made ready for heaven. They undergo a purgation - a “cleansing” - until they are ready to behold the Beatific Vision, which is to see God face to face. Purgatory is a place of hope because it affords us the opportunity to be properly prepared for heaven. We confess our sins while we are here on earth and receive absolution and do penance so that we will not be irreparably stained with mortal sin, which would send us to hell, and so that we might rid ourselves of venial sins, and thus hasten our passage through purgatory.

Our prayers for the Faithful Departed are essential to them. Although they can pray for us, they cannot pray for themselves. The Church makes available indulgences which we can gain for the departed, and we are encouraged to have Masses said for them, but even in our daily prayers it is part of our Christian duty to remember all those who await the day when they will be joined to the company of saints.

O God, the Creator and Redeemer of all them that believe: grant unto the souls of thy servants and handmaids the remission of all their sins; that as they have ever desired thy merciful pardon, so by the supplications of their brethren they may receive the same; through Jesus Christ thy Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with thee, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, ever one God, world without end. Amen.

Indulgence for the Souls in Purgatory

One of the spiritual works of mercy is to pray for the Faithful Departed, who can do no more for themselves. There are plenary indulgences assigned to this season, outlined in the Enchiridion, which you may obtain for the Holy Souls in Purgatory:

1. A plenary indulgence, applicable ONLY to the souls in purgatory, may be obtained by those who, on All Souls Day, piously visit a church, public oratory, or for those entitled to use it, a semi-public oratory. It may be acquired either on the day designated as All Souls Day or, with the consent of the bishop, on the preceding or following Sunday or the feast of All Saints. On visiting the church or oratory it is required that one Our Father and the Creed be recited.

2. You may make a visit to a Cemetery or Columbarium. A plenary indulgence is applicable to the souls in Purgatory when one devoutly visits and prays for the departed. This work may be done each day between November 1 and November 8.

To obtain a Plenary Indulgence, one must fulfill the following requirements:

1. Make a Sacramental Confession,
2. Receive Holy Communion,
3. Offer prayer for the intention of the Holy Father.

All these are to be performed within days of each other, if not at the same time.

"Behold, a great multitude..."

St. John the Divine was nearly a hundred years old when he was exiled to the island of Patmos. It was there that he had his great vision: “I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no man could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, ‘Salvation belongs to our God who sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb!’”

This was his great vision of all the saints, and they were standing there because of everything that has gone before.  Their holiness is the fruit of all the events in Christ's life, from His Conception and Nativity, to the Resurrection and the Ascension and Pentecost – all those things happened to make saints.

What is a saint? First, we should understand that saints aren’t born; rather, they’re made. We are all born with the potential to become saints. The only difference between those who aren’t saints and those who are, is the difference between people who repent and confess after sinning, and those who refuse to repent and so continue in their sin.

And because one of the purposes of the Church is to make saints, so the characteristics of the saints are the characteristics of the Church. In the Creed we confess that we believe “One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church.” These words which define the Church, also define the saints.

The saints are One because they are together. We speak of the communion of the saints. The saints are One, they are united with one another because they are united with Christ.

The saints are also obviously holy. The word “saint” (from “sanctus”) means holy. They’ve been made holy by Christ, through the sacraments, through prayer, through grasping hold of and using God’s grace daily.

The saints are also Catholic, that is, “universal.” In other words, their holiness is the same in all places and at all times. We commemorate all the saints of all countries and of all centuries and of all backgrounds. We recall saints of all ages, of all nationalities, men, women and children, the poor and the rich, the old and the young, the healthy and the sick. They all confess the same Faith. The holiness of the Saints is universal throughout all ages.

And the saints are Apostolic. They share in the same Faith and Tradition that Christ gave to the Apostles, and they shared this Faith with the world through their words and in their lives. Their holiness wasn’t just for themselves; their holiness is for the whole world.

We ask the prayers of all the saints, that through their constant intercession we might be made saints, to have our place with them as the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic people of God.

Solemnity of All Saints

 

The Pantheon, built originally in 27 B.C. and rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian c. 126 A.D. to honor pagan Roman gods, was consecrated by Pope Boniface VI and dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and All Martyrs ca. 609, thus beginning the commemoration of All Saints.

O Almighty God, who hast knit together thine elect in one communion and fellowship in the mystical body of thy Son Christ our Lord: Grant us grace so to follow thy blessed saints in all virtuous and godly living, that we may come to those ineffable joys which thou hast prepared for those who unfeignedly love thee; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord, who with thee and the Holy Spirit liveth and reigneth, one God, in glory everlasting.   Amen.

Trinity XX: "I must stay at your house today."

Jesus entered Jericho and was passing through. And there was a man named Zacchaeus; he was a chief tax collector, and rich. And he sought to see who Jesus was, but could not, on account of the crowd, because he was small of stature. So he ran on ahead and climbed up into a sycamore tree to see him, for he was to pass that way. And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up and said to him, “Zacchaeus, make haste and come down; for I must stay at your house today.” So he made haste and came down, and received him joyfully. And when they saw it they all murmured, “He has gone in to be the guest of a man who is a sinner.” And Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, “Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have defrauded any one of anything, I restore it fourfold.” And Jesus said to him, “Today salvation has come to this house, since he also is a son of Abraham. For the Son of man came to seek and to save the lost.”

- St. Luke 19:1-10

The city of Jericho was a very wealthy and important place. It was known as the Garden of the Jordan Valley and the City of Palms, and one day our Lord happened to be passing through it on His way to Jerusalem.

A man by the name of Zacchaeus heard He was coming. Now Zacchaeus was wealthy man, but he was not a happy man because he was a lonely man. And why? He had chosen a way of life that made him an outcast, because he was a tax collector. Tax-collectors were ranked with sinners because their very way of life was dishonest and their living meant that they regularly cheaated their own people.

Zacchaeus had heard of this Jesus who welcomed tax-collectors and sinners, and he wondered if this rabbi might have any word for him. Despised and hated by everyone around him, Zacchaeus had come to realize his need for the love of God, and because Christ’s reputation had gone before Him, we’re told that Zacchaeus wanted to see who He was. In fact, he wanted to see Jesus so badly that Zacchaeus, who was a short man, laid his dignity aside and he climbed up into a tree so that he could see over the heads of the crowd. This rich and important man – this chief tax collector, a man whom the whole city held in a mixture of fear and hatred, clambered up a tree like a child, just so he could see this visitor who had the whole city talking.

Surely Zacchaeus hoped no one would notice him sitting up in the tree branches, but the next thing he knew, he heard Jesus shouting up into the tree, “Zacchaeus, make haste and come down, for I must stay at your house today!” Zacchaeus the sinner, hated by the whole city because of his dishonest dealings with them, was to have Jesus as his guest. And his life would change forever. When he finally spoke with our Lord, Zacchaeus not only promised that the dishonest side of his life would be rectified, but that he also would make restitution to those whom he had cheated.

Why did Zacchaeus feel it was so important to catch at least a glimpse of Jesus? And why did Jesus single out the little tax collector by choosing to stay at his house? Obviously, it was all part of the plan of God, but as we hear the story we cannot help but see something of ourselves – at least a little – in the person of Zacchaeus. We all want a better look at our Lord, don’t we? We all want to know Him better. And yet so often the things of this world have crowded out our view, rather like the crowd did to Zacchaeus that day in Jericho.

But Zacchaeus did get to see Jesus that day – and that’s not all, because more importantly, Jesus saw him. And it must have seemed to Zacchaeus that he was looking into a spiritual mirror, because when we see Jesus and He sees us, everything is thrown into sharp relief – our need, our sinfulness, the necessity to grow in God’s grace. That’s what Zacchaeus saw that day.

And when we see Jesus face to face, we need to do as that little tax collector did – repent of the evil, and seek to do the good. As Jesus looked upon Zacchaeus that day in Jericho, so our Lord looks upon us at every Mass, as He comes under the outward forms of bread and wine. He beckons us down out of the sycamore tree, down out of the tree of our pridefulness and faithlessness and self-centeredness.

And as our Lord told Zacchaeus that He was coming to stay at his house that day, so He does with us. He comes to us daily, through prayer, through the sacraments, and as Zacchaeus took Jesus into his home, so we take Him into the secret home of our hearts. And how can things ever be the same for us again? How could we possibly continue as though nothing has happened? How can we possible do less than to make Jesus the honoured Guest by turning away from our old ways of self-interest, our old ways of thinking little of others, our old ways of being less than who God intends us to be. How can we do less than give ourselves completely to God and to His service, since He has given himself so completely to us?

Did Zacchaeus ever sin again? We don’t know for sure, but probably he did. But Christ had changed him, and as he had repented once, so Zacchaeus could again. The important thing is that Jesus had visited him and had changed him forever. No longer was sin easy for him – no longer was it a way of life. Zacchaeus had been lost, and Jesus had come to find him.

So our own actions often lead us into lost ways. But Jesus comes to us, He waits for us, especially in the Blessed Sacrament, and He finds us. And in being found by Christ, so we’re strengthened by Him to go into the world in His Name, where Christ would have us transform and heal and strengthen with His saving truth – the truth that God has visited and redeemed His people; the truth that what was once lost is now found; the truth that Jesus isn’t just to be “looked at” but that He has come to change us and to stay with us today and every day.

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Image: Claes Brouwer, the Alexander Master, 

"Jesus Encounters Zacchaeus" 

from Bible historiale Dutch (Utrecht), ca.1430

A reminder about Saturdays

Every once on a while I give a reminder that Saturdays in the Catholic Church (provided there is no other commemoration of greater importance) are dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. A priest may celebrate a special votive Mass on Saturday morning in honour of Our Lady. But why is Saturday marked in this way?

Holy Scripture reveals to us that Saturday is the day when creation was completed and so is celebrated as the day of the fulfillment of the plan of salvation, which found its realization through Mary.  Sunday is the Lord’s Day, so it is appropriate to observe the preceding day as Mary’s day.

In addition, as the book of Genesis describes, God rested on the seventh day, Saturday. The seventh day, Saturday, is the Jewish Sabbath. But we as Christians rest on Sunday, because we celebrate the Resurrection as our Sabbath Day. In parallel, Jesus rested in the womb and then in the loving arms of Mary from birth until she held His lifeless body at the foot of the Cross; thus God Himself rested in Mary before His birth and before His resurrection.

And there is a further tradition: it is a remembrance of the maternal example and discipleship of the Blessed Virgin Mary who, strengthened by faith and hope, on that great Saturday on which Our Lord lay in the tomb, held vigil in expectation of the Lord’s resurrection. And so it is a prelude and introduction to the celebration of Sunday, the weekly memorial of the Resurrection of Christ. Indeed, it is a sign that the Virgin Mary, Mother of God, is continuously present and active in the life of the Church.

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Painting: "Madonna and Child"

by Enric M. Vidal (1850-1926)

St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles

Both Simon and Jude were ordinary men chosen by Jesus Himself to teach others about God’s love and to “make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19) by carrying on the ministry of Christ after His resurrection and ascension. Their lives help us to understand that even the most ordinary people can become saints when they decide to follow the Lord Jesus Christ.

Both these men were known by other names during their lives. Simon was often called “the Zealot.” He firmly believed in the importance of people following the letter of Jewish law. Once he met Jesus, his life was changed and he became convinced that the most important thing was to follow the Lord and His teachings. We believe that another reason Simon had a nickname was to keep people from confusing him with the other Apostle named Simon, the one Jesus called Peter.

Jude was also known as “Jude Thaddeus.” People used this formal title so that he was not confused with Judas, the Apostle who betrayed Jesus and handed Him over to be arrested. Jude is the patron saint of hopeless cases. People often pray to Jude when they feel that there is no one else to turn to, asking St. Jude to bring their problem to Jesus. Because Jude had such great faith, we know that nothing is impossible for those who believe and trust in the Lord.

Simon and Jude traveled together to teach others about Jesus. Because of their eyewitness accounts of Jesus’ miracles and His death and resurrection, many people became believers and were baptized. Simon and Jude died for their faith on the same day in Persia. These two saints remind us to learn all we can about the Lord Jesus Christ and to share our faith in Him with others, as they did.

O God, we thank thee for the glorious company of the apostles, and especially on this day for Ss. Simon and Jude; and we pray that, as they were faithful and zealous in their mission, so we may with ardent devotion make known the love and mercy of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ; who liveth and reigneth with thee and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.